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''Nepenthes ampullaria'' (; Latin: ''ampulla'' "flask") is a very distinctive and widespread species of tropical pitcher plant, present in Borneo, the Maluku Islands, New Guinea, Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore, Sumatra, and Thailand.〔McPherson, S.R. 2009. ''Pitcher Plants of the Old World''. 2 volumes. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole.〕〔 Catalano, M. 2010. ''Nepenthes della Thailandia: Diario di viaggio''. Prague.〕〔McPherson, S.R. & A. Robinson 2012. ''Field Guide to the Pitcher Plants of Peninsular Malaysia and Indochina''. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole.〕〔McPherson, S.R. & A. Robinson 2012. ''Field Guide to the Pitcher Plants of Australia and New Guinea''. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole.〕〔McPherson, S.R. & A. Robinson 2012. ''Field Guide to the Pitcher Plants of Sumatra and Java''. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole.〕 ''Nepenthes ampullaria'', unlike other members of its genus, has evolved away from carnivory and the plants are partly detritivores, collecting and digesting falling leaf litter in their pitchers.〔Moran, J.A., C.M. Clarke & B.J. Hawkins 2003. From carnivore to detritivore? Isotopic evidence for leaf litter utilization by the tropical pitcher plant ''Nepenthes ampullaria''. ''International Journal of Plant Sciences'' 164(4): 635–639. 〕〔Pavlovič, A., Ľ. Slováková & J. Šantrůček 2011. Nutritional benefit from leaf litter utilization in the pitcher plant ''Nepenthes ampullaria''. ''Plant, Cell & Environment'' 34(11): 1865–1873. 〕〔Pavlovič, A. 2012. Adaptive radiation with regard to nutrient sequestration strategies in the carnivorous plants of the genus ''Nepenthes''. ''Plant Signaling & Behavior'' 7(2): 295–297. 〕 In the 1996 book ''Pitcher-Plants of Borneo'', ''N. ampullaria'' is given the vernacular name flask-shaped pitcher-plant.〔Phillipps, A. & A. Lamb 1996. ''Pitcher-Plants of Borneo''. Natural History Publications (Borneo), Kota Kinabalu.〕 This name, along with all others, was dropped from the much-expanded second edition, published in 2008.〔Phillipps, A., A. Lamb & C.C. Lee 2008. ''Pitcher Plants of Borneo''. Second Edition. Natural History Publications (Borneo), Kota Kinabalu.〕 ==Description== Due to its unique pitcher morphology and unusual growth habit, it is difficult to confuse ''N. ampullaria'' with any other species in the genus. Francis Ernest Lloyd translated Troll's 1932 account of this species as follows:〔Lloyd, F.E. 1942. ''The Carnivorous Plants''. Chronica Botanica 9. Ronald Press Company, New York, U.S.A. xvi + 352 pp.〕 "I came across ''N. ampullaria'' among the massive vegetations of a swamp-forest on the island of Siberut off the west coast of Sumatra. It was a fabulous, unforgettable sight. Everywhere, through the network of lianas the peculiarly-formed pitchers of this species gleamed forth, often in tight clusters and, most remarkably, the muddy moss-overgrown soil was spotted with the pitchers of this plant, so that one got the impression of a carpet." The stem of ''N. ampullaria'' is light brown in colour and may climb to 15 m in height. Leaves are light green, up to 25 cm long, and 6 cm wide. Pitchers are produced at the ends of short tendrils no more than 15 cm long.〔 The urceolate pitchers are generally quite small, rarely exceeding 10 cm in height and 7 cm in width. The peristome is greatly incurved, with the inner section accounting for around 85% of its total cross-sectional surface length.〔Bauer, U., C.J. Clemente, T. Renner & W. Federle 2012. Form follows function: morphological diversification and alternative trapping strategies in carnivorous ''Nepenthes'' pitcher plants. ''Journal of Evolutionary Biology'' 25(1): 90–102. 〕 Upper pitchers are very rarely produced and are considerably smaller than those formed on rosettes or offshoots. Pitchers range in colouration from light green throughout to completely dark red, with many intermediate forms recorded. The pitchers of ''N. ampullaria'' from Sumatra and Peninsular Malaysia are almost exclusively green throughout or green with red speckles; the red forms are mostly confined to Borneo. A large-pitchered form has been recorded from New Guinea.〔〔 The inflorescence of ''N. ampullaria'' is a dense panicle. It is the only ''Nepenthes'' species recorded from Sumatra or Peninsular Malaysia that produces paniculate inflorescences.〔 All parts of the plant are densely covered with short, brown hairs when young. The indumentum of mature plants is more sparse, except on the inflorescenes.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Nepenthes ampullaria」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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